Type and Organizations

Using personality type within organizations.

Improve Manager/Employee communication styles

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Many of my clients utilize personality type assessments to coach managers on how to communicate more effectively with their employees.  They have shared that their biggest challenge is providing useful tips that the managers can easily integrate into their day-to-day interactions with their employees. To address this challenge, I have created the table below which lists potential challenges or conflicts for individuals that have different personality preferences.  I also included suggested techniques that managers can try when communicating with individuals who have a different personality preference.

 

Employee who prefers…

Struggles with a manager who…

When communicating with an employee with this style…

Extraversion (E)

Communicates primarily through emails.

Does not make time to talk with the employee.

 

Allot time to discuss the employee’s concerns and ideas.

Solicit the employee’s input.

Recognize them verbally for a job well done.

Involve the employee in a variety of activities/projects.

Schedule brainstorming and collaboration into team meetings.

Introversion (I)

Wants to talk out all aspects of problems and interrupts private time when the employee is getting the real work done.

Let the employee speak first.  Actively listen to what they are saying (rather than focusing on what you will say next).

Slow down your actions (stop and think before you act).

Allow time and space for employee to do his/her best work.

Provide information prior to a meeting so that he/she can formulate ideas.

Sensing (S)

Doesn’t state expectations or goals clearly.

Doesn’t articulate how their vision specifically relates to the employee.

Implements new ideas without regards to what has worked well in the past.

Share direct and specific examples to illustrate the vision that you have (step by step).

Be careful to not implement unnecessary changes.

Recognize the employee’s experience.

Honor traditions of the team.

Intuition (N)

Immediately points out why new ideas won’t work.

Are too specific and make the employee feel “micromanaged”.

Does not allow the employee the freedom to figure out the approach on their own.

Provide the employee the data that you have and ask for insights on what it could mean.

Discuss why you are implementing a change.

Discuss challenges with the employee and ask for input on new possibilities.

Allow them autonomy in how to pursue projects.

Thinking

Appear inconsistent or illogical.

Express emotion in the workplace.

 

Apply the same principles/rules to all employees.

Be direct and simple when providing feedback.

Hold firm to decisions that are made.

Be concise when leaving voicemails or sending emails.

Discuss the “pros and cons” and “if we do this…then…will happen”.

Feeling

Managers who appear cold or detached.

Managers who do not make accommodations for employees who may have a unique situation.

Treat each employee as a unique individual whose special concerns must be taken into account.

Prefer to be recognized for accomplishments throughout a project.

Share with the employee who the key stakeholders are and who else has been included in the decision making process.

Go beyond work conversations to share personal facts and insights to the employee.

Judging/Organizing

Delay decisions.

Change deadlines and then expects everyone to rush at the last minute to complete the project.

Does not provide a structure to work within.

Set deadlines and stick to the timeframe.

Follow through with work.

Allow plenty of time to produce high quality work.

Keep surprises to a minimum.

Reduce the options provided to the team.

Perceiving/Adapting

Provides tight schedules and constantly monitors progress.

Enable employee to work at their own pace and in their own way to complete a project.

Be tolerant of interruptions to the work day.

Provide contingencies to the planned processes.

Allow flexibility in the work schedule if possible.

 

Recommended resources for more information

Type and Decision Making

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Personality type indicators are one way that you can help guide individuals and teams through a systematic decision making process based on personal styles.  A popular model for decision making that leverages personality type is the zig-zag model or Z model.

Below is a summary of how each type prefers to implement a decision:

Extraverts typically will

–         Feel comfortable taking a visible role

–         Prepared to alter a decision to meet external demands

–         Delegate liberally

Introverts typically will

–         Feel comfortable working behind the scenes

–         Be reluctant to alter a decision to meet external demands

–         Delegate sparingly

 

Sensing types will typically

–         Focus on attaining tangible goals

–         What to have or follow precise instructions

–         Feel motivated by connecting current actions to immediate benefits

iNtuitive types will typically

–         Focus on attaining conceptual goals

–         Want to have or follow general guidelines

–         Feel motivated by connecting current actions to future possibilities

 

Thinking types typically will:

–         See efficiency first

–         Support the decision maker by supporting the decision making process

–         Be tough when necessary to keep things on track

 

Feeling types typically will

–         Seek cooperation first

–         Support the decision making process by supporting the decision maker

–         Be encouraging when necessary to keep things on track

Judging/Organizaing types will typically

–         Establish time frames and identify milestones

–         Expect to follow through and stick to the plan

–         Minimize the interruptions and diversions in the interest of achieving the outcome

 

Perceiving/Adapting types will typically

–         Introduce broad parameters and suggest optimal outcomes

–         Expect to adapt and make adjustments to the plan

–         Respond to interruptions and diversions in the interest of enriching the outcome

I was laughing as I pulled this list together.  I am in the process of a major life decision and I have found myself delegating liberally, connecting current actions to future possibilities, encouraging others to see opportunities and making adjustments to my plan constantly.  There is no denying that I am an ENFP.  Do any of these examples relate to your personal style? 

Personality & Transition Management

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It is nearly impossible to meet all of the differing (and sometimes contradicting) needs during a period of organizational change.  However if you can understand how different types experience transition and cater to these different types within your organization, then you will be one step closer to making change exciting and positive!

Below are a few insights pulled from the book, Introduction to Type® and Change that will help you understand more about the 4 dichotomies and their varying reactions to change:

Extraversion/Introversion: During times of change, those who prefer Extraversion will want to hear and talk about the upcoming change so they can externally process their thoughts and feelings. In contrast, people who prefer Introversion will want time to reflect and may need some time alone to process the upcoming change internally.

Sensing/Intuition: When confronted with change, Sensing types will appreciate hearing the specific and realistic data that shows why changes must be made, as well as details about how things will change and what will be expected of them. Those with a preference for Intuition will be more concerned with whether the changes fit with their ideas about the future of the organization, and how the big picture will be affected.  They often will want to know why the change is happening in the first place.

 

Thinking/Feeling: To process change, Thinking types need logical explanations for the change, as well as evidence that the leadership is competent, and that the change is fair and objective. The Feeling types will be more likely to focus on how the people will be affected, and will want to see that leadership is concerned and compassionate, and that all involved parties are supported.

 

Judgment/Perceiving: Those who prefer Judging will want plans, schedules, and time frames for changes that management should be held accountable to. This helps them know there is an end point, and that stability will return eventually. Perceivers want flexibility in the plans, schedules, and time frames so that they have room to respond to new information, make midcourse corrections, and use their resourcefulness.

 

Understanding how different types perceive change is paramount to providing support and guidance to yourself and your team during transition. If you would like a deeper look at how the combinations of preference reveal employee patterns during times of change, check out Introduction to Type® and Change. This book will help you orchestrate positive organizational change by teaching you to:

–          More fully understand your own reactions to change

–          Recognize how change will impact the people that make up your work groups and organizations

–          Stimulate organization-wide appreciation for differences during transition

–          Develop organizational transitions that flow smoothly and are positively received

Could the personality of HR Executives impact their ability to communicate with the C-Suite?

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HR Executive magazine printed an interesting article by Scott Flander that examines the personality of C-suite executives.  The data suggests that there are personality differences between HR professionals and other senior executives (operations, sales, finance, IT).  Check out the article here online at: HR Executive Online Magazine

 

Managing Conflict with Personality Type

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Conflict is often described as an interaction that has a negative emotional charge.  Most conflict may appear to be caused by simple, straightforward issues but, more often than not conflict exists because some core element of trust, beliefs, authority, or passion is being challenged.  Personality type can help us see and understand more clearly what is really involved in a conflict situation. 

 When incorporating personality styles to address conflict, one approach is to focus on the interplay of the last two letters of an individual’s type code. Thinking (T) –Feeling (F) and Judging (J) – Perceiving (P).  There are four conflict pairs that result from this combination: TJ, TP, FJ and FP 

How does the T/F and J/P dichotomy impact conflict?

Thinking-Feeling dichotomy addresses where we focus in conflict

Judging-Perceiving dichotomy addresses how we respond to conflict

 

Conflict pairs summary:

Thinking Judging

Likely cause of conflict:  Challenges to/of authority

Desired outcome: Closure or resolution

In dealing with TJ’s be aware that:

§         Fears regarding the uncertainty of the outcome are very strong

§         Approaching conflict from a logic basis and broadening out can enable them to encompass their feelings

§         Once the conflict is closed they are not likely to reopen it

Thinking Perceiving

Likely cause of conflict: Challenges to/of trust

Desired outcome: defined process or progression

In dealing with TP’s be aware that:

  • Tend to see conflict as a healthy, challenging exchange of ideas
  • Prefer plans that leave room for alternative routes in the future
  • Provide time for the agreed on outcomes to be debated before final closure

Feeling Judging

Likely cause of conflict: Challenges to/of beliefs

Desired outcome: intact relationships

In dealing with FJ’s be aware that:

§         Tend to see conflict as a negative and personal experience

§         Once they are certain everyone’s concerns and feelings have been given credence, they can calmly look at the other factors

§         If there is ill will or lingering frustration they will not be able to close comfortably

Feeling Perceiving

Likely cause of conflict: Challenges to/of values

Desired outcome: respectful listening

In dealing with FP’s be aware that:

  • Tend to ensure that everyone has an equal voice
  • Inclusion of others is more important to them than the issues
  • They need to believe that their core values will be respected going forward regardless of the conclusion

Developing your EQ Using Type

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Learn the benefits of developing your emotional intelligence  When you have an expanded emotional intelligence and a balanced personality, you have a healthier lifestyle, stronger relationships, and overall greater satisfaction and performance in your chosen work. In Introduction to Type® and Emotional Intelligence, Roger R. Pearman emphasizes the advantages of cultivating your emotional intelligence and how it will create progression in:

  • Enhancing your leadership abilities
  • Enriching your relationships
  • Extending your influence
  • Expanding the personal resources you can call on to manage life’s mental demands.

 During emotional intelligence development, certain challenges arise that may be difficult to manage.  Below are specific actions you can take to overcome these challenges depending upon your preferences.

  • Since individuals with preferences for extraversion initiate, they must learn to pace themselves and allow for silence when communicating.
  • Introverts focus inwardly, and should learn to frequently scan the environment and acknowledge the processing of information.
  • Since individuals with preferences for judging like structure, they must learn to be patient with open processes and reach agreements on closure needs.
  • Perceivers enjoy flow, and should learn to establish closure and reach agreements on processing needs.

 Many emotional intelligence books and concepts imply that certain types have more innate EQ than others.  However, each type has a unique emotional intelligence gift they possess, and each gift can be advantageous when extending emotional intelligence.  For example:

  • If you have preferences for Introverted Sensing, you possess the gift of realism and specificity.
  • Extraverted Sensors have the gift of immediate awareness and focus.
  • If you have preferences for Introverted Thinking, you have the gift of evaluating frameworks and being precise.
  • Extraverted Thinkers have the gift of analysis and critique.

Strong emotional intelligence among leaders aids employee retention, productivity, and performance.  Discover how to maximize the best performance results in your organization, by purchasing Introduction to Type® and Emotional Intelligence.

Developing Great Leaders, A Measured Approach

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Organizational analysis of revenues, profit margins, price per share and operational costs are essential but, they are not the only indicators of success. The quality of leadership must also be assessed.  Robert Devine, an Organizational Development Consultant, wrote an interesting white paper about using assessments to develop great leaders.  Enjoy…  

Developing Great Leaders White Paper

Type and stress

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Thanksgiving is a happy time, full of family, food and fun. It is also known to kick off a season of holiday shopping, family obligations and other end of year activities that can induce STRESS.  Stress is when we experience the out-of-character version of ourselves.  It can cause us to appear to be irrational, out of control, unstable, and crazy.  The book, In the Grip, references this behavior and is based on the personality type theory of Carl Jung.  It introduces the inferior function-a usually hidden part of our personalities that emerges most dramatically during times of stress, fatigue, and illness. 

Some Chronic Stress Reactions Include:

  • Frequent expressions of anger
  • Outbursts of emotion
  • Withdrawal, avoidance of others
  • Conviction that others dislike them

 All types seem to benefit from a change of scene and physical exercise to get out of the grip.  Additional type-specific helps and hindrances are available in the book, In the Grip, 

Remember that stress doesn’t only impact us but, also impacts our colleagues, friends and family who surround us. 

Recommended Responses to Others in Stress:

  • Validate the concerns expressed
  • Try to understand the point of view described
  • Promise to think about, discuss with others, and see what you can find out about the issue at hand
  • Promise to meet and discuss the issue at a specific time

 Once you recognize when someone else might be in the grip of his or her inferior function, responding appropriately will: 

  • Keep you from making matters worse
  • Help you respond in a constructive way
  • Enable you to achieve enough distance to avoid triggering your own inferior function

 In due time, we can learn to appreciate and use the new and unique information we gain from ourselves and others when we or they are in the grip of the other side.  Knowing that these grip experiences are healthy and adaptive enables us to see them as temporary episodes from which we can benefit.